Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. This debilitating condition primarily targets the joints, causing pain, swelling, morning stiffness, and irreversible damage if left uncontrolled.
1. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) on DBA mice
Validation data
The score of the arthritis group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the paw of the hind limb showed obvious swelling in the CIA mice (yellow arrowheads).