Autoimmune nephropathy occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks renal tissues. Subtypes of Immune - Related Nephropathy (IRN) include conditions such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), C3 glomerulopathy, lupus nephritis, among others. Immune complexes or autoantibodies generated during such autoimmune responses can damage glomeruli, tubules, or blood vessels, leading to proteinuria, hematuria, and reduced kidney function. Inflammation and fibrosis often follow, potentially progressing to end - stage renal disease. Diagnosis relies on urine tests, blood work, and kidney biopsies and treatments aim to suppress autoimmunity with immunosuppressants or corticosteroids to manage symptoms and preserve renal function.